To undo git add before a commit, run git reset <file> or git reset to unstage all changes.
In older versions of Git, the commands were git reset HEAD <file> and git reset HEAD respectively. This was changed in Git 1.8.2
You can read more about other commonly used Git actions in these helpful articles:
How to Undo a Git Add before git commit: Here’s a bit more background information about Git
Understand the Three Sections of a Git Project
A Git project will have the following three main sections:
- Git directory
- Working directory (or working tree)
- Staging area
The Git directory (located in YOUR-PROJECT-PATH/.git/) is where Git stores everything it needs to accurately track the project. This includes metadata and an object database which includes compressed versions of the project files.
The working directory is where a user makes local changes to a project. The working directory pulls the project’s files from the Git directory’s object database and places them on the user’s local machine.
The staging area is a file (also called the “index”, “stage”, or “cache”) that stores information about what will go into your next commit. A commit is when you tell Git to save these staged changes. Git takes a snapshot of the files as they are and permanently stores that snapshot in the Git directory.
With three sections, there are three main states that a file can be in at any given time: committed, modified, or staged. You modify a file any time you make changes to it in your working directory. Next, it’s staged when you move it to the staging area. Finally, it’s committed after a commit.
Install Git
How to Undo a Git Add before git commit: Configure the Git Environment
Git has a git config tool that allows you to customize your Git environment. You can change the way Git looks and functions by setting certain configuration variables. Run these commands from a command line interface on your machine (Terminal in Mac, Command Prompt or Powershell in Windows).
There are three levels of where these configuration variables are stored:
- System: located in
/etc/gitconfig, applies default settings to every user of the computer. To make changes to this file, use the--systemoption with thegit configcommand. - User: located in
~/.gitconfigor~/.config/git/config, applies settings to a single user. To make changes to this file, use the--globaloption with thegit configcommand. - Project: located in
YOUR-PROJECT-PATH/.git/config, applies settings to the project only. To make changes to this file, use thegit configcommand.
If there are settings that conflict with each other, the project-level configurations will override the user-level ones, and the user-level configurations will override the system-level ones.
Note for Windows users: Git looks for the user-level configuration file (.gitconfig) in your $HOME directory (C:\Users\$USER). Git also looks for /etc/gitconfig, although it’s relative to the MSys root, which is wherever you decide to install Git on your Windows system when you run the installer. If you are using version 2.x or later of Git for Windows, there is also a system-level config file at C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Git\config on Windows XP, and in C:\ProgramData\Git\config on Windows Vista and newer. This config file can only be changed by git config -f FILE as an admin.
Add Your Name and Email
Git includes the user name and email as part of the information in a commit. You’ll want to set this up under your user-level configuration file with these commands:
git config --global user.name "My Name"
git config --global user.email "myemail@example.com"Change Your Text Editor
git config --global core.editor "atom --wait"Add Color to Git Output
git config --global color.ui trueInitialize Git in a Project
It’s important that the Git directory is installed in the project root folder. Git can track files in subfolders, but it won’t track files located in a parent folder relative to the Git directory.
Get Help in Git
If you forget how any command works in Git, you can access Git help from the command line several ways:
git help COMMAND
git COMMAND --help
man git-COMMAND
